Solar power is much more difficult than 'rocket'? Understand the development of Chinese semiconductor 8 big trouble

Last month, the United States bipartisan senate successively put forward 'set up effective incentive measures for semiconductor production' the American wafer generation industry act, called for $37 billion to maintain domestic semiconductor strategic competitive advantage.

capital and r&d input is very important to maintain the competitiveness of the semiconductor industry. And China want to climb on the shoulders of giants, photovoltaic (pv) grid, eyes take candy is not just money and research and development of so simple.

the Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher at the institute of semiconductors, semiconductor superlattice, deputy director of state key laboratory of Locke CMC and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences shu-shen li spent 10 months research, solar energypower grid, found out the real status of China's semiconductor technology development, with detailed data and information are expounded the eight big dilemma confronted by the domestic semiconductor technology.

in 2015, as the global mobile phone chip qualcomm announced server chip market dominance, and shows its first formally external server chips, less than three years will encounter many setbacks and exit; From 2010 to 2019, Intel's efforts in mobile chips for a decade, but always failed to shake the status of qualcomm, eventually has to give up the mobile processors and mobile phone baseband chip business, said goodbye to the mobile market.

tell us these two examples, solar energypanels, even the deep pockets of qualcomm and Intel, want to develop a new market, in the field of semiconductor is a narrow escape. Semiconductor is not rich, is capable.

the characteristics of semiconductor products is the performance for the king, the market share is king. It need long-term historical accumulation on the one hand, on the other hand, and the technology of rapid change.

people often compare semiconductor research and hydrogen bombs, think Chinese can make hydrogen bombs such cutting-edge technology, semiconductor and rightly so. But ignored, once mastered, rocket technology update speed is slow. With rapid development of semiconductor is according to Moore's law, the unit number chip transistors doubled every 18 months.

international semiconductor company average r&d spending to keep for a long time in 20% of sales. In 2016, the research and development spending more than $1 billion of global semiconductor company has 13, invested a total of 353 of the top ten. 9. 5 billion dollars, including Intel is as high as $12. 7 billion, growth in 2019 for $31. 4 billion.

in the past half century, with eight 12 invention represented by the Nobel Prize in physics research results laid a semiconductor technology. To support the top semiconductor technology application, from the material, structure, devices to circuit, architecture, algorithms, software, be short of one cannot.

from sand to chip, a total of more than 6000 procedures, the former 5000 procedure from sand to the silicon wafer. At present, China's basic dependence on imports, 12-inch wafers to independent production.

with the silicon chip, integrated circuit production line that is associated with lithography. Lithography process is the core technology in semiconductor processes, is also the representative of the advanced manufacturing level. A set of the most advanced asml nxe3350B EUV lithography for 1. $200 million, and is not for sale.

in addition, semiconductor chip manufacturing involves 19 must material, most of the material has high technical barriers. Japan's long-term maintained an absolute advantage in the field of semiconductor materials, silicon wafers, compound semiconductor wafer and mask, photoresist and target materials of 14 kinds of important materials accounted for more than 50% of the global share. Materials, such as photoresist is valid only for three months, Chinese companies want to stock up.

chemical in China is very strong, chemical industry is very weak. At present, the domestic chip manufacturing all chemical materials and chemical products for almost all rely on imports.

$1 semiconductor products can be leveraged $100 GDP, any countries want to hang on to the industry. According to the semiconductor industry association forecast, add $1 semiconductor research grants, can to improve GDP by 16. $5, such investment is & other; Cost-effective & throughout; 。

in 1986, Japan surpassed the United States as the world's largest producer of semiconductors, solar energyequipment, in order to weaken the Japanese in the United States, on the one hand, a variety of policies to encourage domestic manufacturing enterprise research and development, on the other hand, in 1986 signed the 'agreement of us-japan semiconductor', the Japanese semiconductor exports to the United States, Japan imports 20% of semiconductor products at the same time, in 1992, and to regain the world's largest semiconductor producer status.

in 2017, the White House issued 'to ensure that the United States in the semiconductor industry leading position for a long time,' the report, including the President of the United States science and technology and policy director and major semiconductor companies, investment institutions, consulting company CEO and scientific research institutions of top experts working group, a series of Suggestions and measures are put forward.

including: establish a new mechanism, make enterprise policy experts in semiconductor and challenges; Multiply the government engaged in semiconductor related field research funding; The implementation of enterprise tax policy reform; Implement quantum computers, including general global weather forecast network biochemical detection, real-time network such as column & other; The moon & throughout; Challenge to make semiconductor technology innovation.

is particularly noteworthy is that the report also notes that the solar panels, to use the tool to the enterprises of China national security policy; To improve the security of global export control, and internal investment ( Prevent China from unique technology) 。

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