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A 232kWh energy storage system in Italy earns up to €38,336 per year

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A 232kWh energy storage system in Italy earns up to €38,336 per year 1

I. Core Profit Model Analysis

In Italy, commercial and industrial energy storage systems are mainly profitable through three major paths: government subsidies, peak and valley tariff arbitrage, and capacity tariff optimisation, with the following specific mechanisms:

1. Government Energy Subsidy Policy

The Italian government has set up a special energy subsidy of 320 million euros, which focuses on supporting SMEs' energy storage projects.

The Italian government has set up €320 million in energy subsidies, focusing on supporting SMEs' energy storage projects. Energy storage-related projects can receive up to 40% subsidies (provided that the project investment is between €30,000 and €1 million), encouraging enterprises to achieve energy self-sufficiency through ‘PV + energy storage’.

In addition to the central subsidy, northern regions such as Lombardy provide an additional 10-20% local subsidy to further reduce the initial investment threshold.

The energy storage system can also participate in grid auxiliary services such as frequency regulation and standby to enhance the overall return of the system. 

2. Peak and valley tariff arbitrage

The peak and valley tariffs for industrial electricity in Italy are between 0.10-0.15 EUR/kWh.

For example, in the northern industrial area, the peak price is 0.25 EUR/kWh and the valley price is 0.10 EUR/kWh.

The energy storage system realises the tariff difference by ‘charging at a low price at night and discharging at a high price during the day’.

3. Optimisation of capacity tariffs

Commercial and industrial users pay capacity tariffs based on peak loads, which are on average 10-15 EUR/kW/month.

The energy storage system can reduce the maximum demand through ‘peak shaving and valley filling’, thus significantly reducing the capacity charge.

A 232kWh energy storage system in Italy earns up to €38,336 per year 2

Ⅱ.Benefit calculation: example of a 232 kWh storage cabinet

Assumptions for basic parameters:

Average tariff: 0.2€/kWh

Peak-valley price difference: 0.12€/kWh

Number of operating days per year: 330 days (minus maintenance)

System efficiency: 90% (standard for liquid-cooled systems)

Depth of discharge: 90 per cent

Government subsidy: 40% of investment (for SMEs)

1. Peak and valley tariff arbitrage gain

Daily discharge = 232kWh × 90% × 2 times = 417.6kWh

Daily arbitrage gain = 417.6kWh × 0.12 EUR = 50.11 EUR

Annual return = 50.11 × 330 = €16,536

2. Capacity tariff savings

Assuming the original capacity demand of the business was 50kW and the monthly capacity tariff was €10/kW;

Energy storage can cut peak load by 30%, i.e., 15kW;

Annual saving = 15kW × 12 months × €10 = €1,800

3. Government subsidy benefits

Assume initial investment in energy storage cabinets is €50,000;

SMEs subsidise 40% and receive financial support = €20,000;

This part is not included in the annual income, but effectively enhances the financial return of the project and reduces the investment risk.

III. Summary of Annual Comprehensive Revenue

Revenue Items Amount (€)

Peak-to-Valley Arbitrage Gain 16,536 €

Capacity Electricity Cost Savings 1,800 €

Government Subsidy (one-off) 20,000 €

Total Annual Revenue 38,336 €

≈ equivalent to RMB 295,000 (at an exchange rate of 1:7.7)

IV. Summary: Stable return on energy storage investment with significant policy advantages

Driven by high government subsidies, tariff mechanisms, and a capacity charge system, the Italian market has created a stable cash flow and cost-effective return path for energy storage projects. For SMEs, a 232kWh liquid-cooled energy storage system can achieve a combined annual return of more than €38,000, making it an ideal investment option for energy independence and tariff optimisation.

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