Germany's new energy policy and market mechanism

Solar photovoltaic webex: editor's note: its energy institute of new energy and statistical institute for keeping track of new energy and market innovation project, the operation of China solar energy network, has launched a new energy analysis and optimization, the operation of new energy market analysis and assessment, a new energy policy's influence on the market, to adapt to the high proportion of new energy access research direction of the electric power market construction, from theoretical analysis to the application of landing. This column will around the new energy and the operation of the market trading international experience, practice and achievements in China, and the future development trend, combined with the related achievements and research thinking to communicate to share with readers.

the article introduction: Germany is one of the world's energy transformation earlier, after decades of efforts, the German on the way to promote renewable energy to replace fossil energy achieved significant results. In 2019, German scenery power-generation accounted for more than half of the year scene generation accounted for close to 30%. Combining with the German energy transformation goal, tracking the latest progress in Germany's new energy development, analysis of the German high energy access policies to promote, market mechanism, in order to promote our country's energy transformation strategy implementation to provide experience for reference.

the German federal government for the implementation of renewable energy set very high goals. Federal government plan to the percentage of renewable energy in electricity consumption in 2025 will reach 40% to 45%, 55% to 60% in 2035; By the middle of this century, renewable energy proportion will reach at least 80%. In addition to the German federal government plans to renewable energy consumption accounted for a proportion of the total energy consumption increased from 10% in 2010 to 60% in 2050.

Germany as the world's leading energy transformation, scenery total installed accounted for more than half. Wind power, solar power installed at the end of 2019, Germany respectively 6093, 48. 73 million kilowatts, solar net, China solar power network, the total of 109. 66 million kw, the total accounted for 51%. In 2019, the wind power, solar electricity is respectively 1182, 50 billion KWH, both amounted to 168. 2 billion KWH, the total generating capacity of 28. 3%.

new energy development policy, Germany on the basis of the different developmental stages of the renewable energy, respectively introduce the fixed feed-in tariff mechanism ( 2000) , market mechanism (at a premium 2012) , bidding system ( 2014) 。 The German renewable energy development policy, mainly reflected in the renewable energy law ( EEG） The evolution of the. Marked with 'renewable energy law revision, the German renewable energy development policy is roughly divided into the following stages: the EEG of 2000 ( 1991 - 2003) , sure is given priority to with the fixed feed-in tariff incentives for renewable energy policy; 脑电图2004 ( 2003 - 2008) , perfect the feed-in tariff policy, the rapid development of renewable energy power generation; 脑电图2009 ( 2009 - 2012) , based on the fixed feed-in tariff scale down mechanism of new capacity, for the first time put forward the terms in the market; 脑电图2012 ( 2012 - 2014) , the introduction of renewable energy market premium way; EEG2014 ( 2014 - 2016) , strict control of renewable energy subsidies, first put forward in view of the photovoltaic solar energy power plant bidding system in the pilot, in stages, with the key to promote marketization of photovoltaic power generation; 脑电图2017 ( 2017 - ） , a comprehensive introduction of renewable energy power generation bidding system, officially ending the government pricing mechanism based on the fixed feed-in tariff.

the use of new energy, high flexibility to adjust the power proportion, connectivity with its neighboring countries channel capacity is big, solar panels, with the help of a single European electricity market, is to promote the main experience of efficient utilization of new energy in Germany. At the same time, through the establishment of the standard of science and technology and enhance the new energy power generation of active regulatory, effectively improve the ability of power grid to absorb new energy, to ensure high proportion of new energy access to the safe and stable operation of the system. Germany accounts for flexible power than high, system regulation ability; Through more than 50 article link connectivity with its neighboring countries, transmission capacity of 27 million kilowatts; Based on a single European electricity market and promoting the new energy on a larger scale optimization configuration. Germany installed wind high proportion, in view of the large-scale wind power grid, the government formulated a series of technical standards and interconnection test certification system, guarantee safe and stable operation of wind farm operation characteristics meet the system requirements. German photovoltaic power generation is given priority to with distributed photovoltaic power generation, for large-scale distributed power grid, the need for distributed new energy power regulation, which has been put into use in Germany all distribution network, by new energy power remote control technology can improve the level of power absorbing new energy power.

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