what type of energy is stored in batteries?

Batteries convert electrical energy into chemical energy storage through the synergistic action of anode (negative electrode), cathode (positive electrode), and electrolyte. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, when charging, lithium ions are dislodged from the positive electrode (e.g., lithium cobaltate) and embedded in the graphite negative electrode; when discharging, they move in the opposite direction, releasing electrical energy. The efficiency of this process depends on the electron transfer capability of the electrode material and the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. For example, GSL Energy uses lithium iron phosphate (LFP) technology, which has a stable cathode material structure, a cycle life of more than 12,000 cycles, and a high degree of safety, making it suitable for large-scale energy storage scenarios.

1. GSL Energy's lithium-ion battery technology innovation

GSL Energy (Shenzhen GSL Energy Co., Ltd.), as a leading global supplier of energy storage systems, embodies core technologies in its vertically integrated industrial chain layout:

Material optimization: adopting A-grade lithium iron phosphate cells from head enterprises such as CATL and REPT to ensure high energy density (150-250 Wh/kg) and long cycle life.

System integration: The self-developed BMS (Battery Management System) is combined with Energy Storage System (ESS) to enhance the safety and efficiency of battery packs, which have been applied to household energy storage, grid-level projects, and electric vehicles in 138 countries.

Capacity Scale: The annual capacity of the Huizhou factory reaches 5.8 GWh. Our products have passed UL-1973, UL-9540A, IEC62133, IEC62219, CEI 0-16, CEI-21, CE, UN38.3, MSDS, and other international certifications, and cover the high-end markets of the US, Japan, Australia, Italy, the UK, Germany, and so on.

GSL Energy's technological route is highly compatible with the new version of “Specification Conditions for the Lithium-ion Battery Industry”, and the energy density and cycle life of its products have reached or exceeded the national standards (e.g., energy density of power battery packs ≥165 Wh/kg and cycle life ≥1000 times), reflecting the innovation of the whole chain from materials to systems.

2. Industry trends and challenges

Advances in lithium battery technology are driving energy storage systems toward high safety, low cost, and sustainability:

Material breakthroughs: e.g., the commercialization of lithium-squarate rechargeable lithium, which can extend the life of energy storage batteries by 50%; accelerated research and development of solid-state batteries, with energy density expected to exceed 400 Wh/kg.

Policy-driven: China's “Specification Conditions for Lithium-ion Battery Industry (2024 Edition)” has strengthened energy density, cycle life, and other indicators, forcing enterprises to raise the technological threshold. GSL Energy has become a beneficiary of the policy dividend through its lithium iron phosphate technology route, taking into account both performance and cost advantages.

Recycling and Low Carbon: Ningde Times and other companies have achieved a lithium recycling rate of 91%, and may rely on recycled resources to replace minerals in the future.GSL Energy's ESS products are designed to take into account the laddering of recycling, which supports the management of carbon footprints throughout the life cycle.

The chemical energy storage mechanism of the battery is continuously optimized through iterations of material science and engineering technology. Through vertical integration and technological innovation, the headline companies represented by GSL Energy have not only raised the performance boundaries of lithium-ion batteries but also driven the global energy transition. In the future, with the maturity of solid-state batteries, lithium rechargeable agents and other technologies, as well as the dual drive of policy and market, chemical energy storage will evolve in the direction of more efficient and sustainable, providing core support for the “dual-carbon” goal.